India
is a vast country, with diverse cultures and ancient civilization. There
are a number of religious groups residing in India. In India we find the
oldest pilgrimage tradition in the whole world. The practice of
pilgrimage in India is so deeply embedded in the cultural psyche and the
number of pilgrimage sites is so large that the entire subcontinent may
actually be regarded as one grand and continuous sacred place. The
earliest sources of information on the matter of sacred space come from
the Rig Veda and the Atharva Veda. Following the Vedic period the practice of pilgrimage seems to have become quite common, as is evident from sections of the great epic, the Mahabharata (350 BC), which mentions more than 300 sacred sites spanning the sub-continent. By the time of the Puranas, the number of sacred sites had grown considerably, reflecting both the ongoing assimilation of aboriginal sacred places and the increased importance of pilgrimage as a customary religious practice.
Hindus call the sacred places tirthas and the action of going on a pilgrimage is called tirtha-yatra. The word tirtha means river ford, steps to a river, or place of pilgrimage. In Vedic times the word may have concerned only those sacred places associated with water, but by the time of the Mahabharata, tirtha had come to denote any holy place, be it a lake, mountain, forest, or cave. Tirthas are more than physical locations, however. Pious Hindus believe them to be spiritual fords, the meeting place of heaven and earth, the locations where one crosses the endless cycle of birth, death and rebirth to reach the shore of liberation.
